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My BIOS/Operating System doesn't recognize my 12GB/32GB/64GB/128GB hard disk

Proper "large" IDE HDD support is twopiece:

  1. Detection
  2. Runtime support

The former is sort of easy, AWARD BIOS older than 6/1999 screw up with >32GB drives anyway.

The latter means that the BIOS must offer additional runtime services to access what's behind the 8 GB border (1024x63x255x512 bytes, to be exact). That's usually called "Int13 extensions", and by far not every BIOS that detects any drive size has these.

That's why you see 20 GB in BIOS and only 8GB in your operating system.

Required reading:

You have three options in this case:

  1. Get a BIOS upgrade.  Might not help, especially in older systems. You can get help in our hard disk forum.
  2. Purchase an add-on EIDE controller card.
  3. Use Drive Overlay software like EZBios or Ontrack.  You can download this from the HDD manufacturer's home page.